Hybrid PID–Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Accurate Active and Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrids Using a Master/Slave Structure

Noori, Seyedeh Neda; Beheshtipour, Zohreh; Daemi, Tahereh

doi:10.22034/joeds.2026.585051.1123

Hybrid PID–Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Accurate Active and Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrids Using a Master/Slave Structure

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Seyedeh Neda Noori ¹

Zohreh Beheshtipour ²

Tahereh Daemi ³

¹ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

² Department of Electrical Engineering, Ya. C., Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

³ Department of Electrical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran,

10.22034/joeds.2026.585051.1123

Abstract

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in microgrids has created significant challenges in voltage and frequency regulation, especially during islanded operation. This paper proposes a modified PID Adaptive Sliding Mode Control (PID-ASMC) strategy within a master/slave control framework to achieve accurate active and reactive power sharing among parallel inverters. The proposed controller combines the robustness of sliding mode control with the adaptability and fine-tuning capability of PID, effectively reducing steady-state error, overshoot, and settling time while maintaining excellent performance under unequal feeder impedances and communication delays. Extensive simulations in MATLAB demonstrate that the PID-ASMC method significantly outperforms conventional droop control and standard sliding mode controllers. Compared to droop control, the proposed method reduces reactive power sharing error by more than 95.8%, voltage deviation by over 94 %, and settling time by approximately 76.8%. Lyapunov stability analysis confirms the asymptotic stability of the system. The results validate the effectiveness, robustness, and practical applicability of the proposed control strategy for modern islanded microgrids.

Keywords

Microgrid

Islanded Mode

Power Sharing

Renewable Energy Sources

Adaptive Sliding Mode Control