Electronic Protection in Cognitive Widely-Separated MIMO Radar with Constrained Real-Time Waveform Design for against Spatial and Spectral Interference

Vishkaei Sadigh, Mohammad Javad; Alavi, Sayed Mohammad; Norouzi, Yaser; Zarei, NadAli

doi:10.22034/joeds.2025.497740.1075

Electronic Protection in Cognitive Widely-Separated MIMO Radar with Constrained Real-Time Waveform Design for against Spatial and Spectral Interference

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mohammad Javad Vishkaei Sadigh ¹

Sayed Mohammad Alavi ²

Yaser Norouzi ³

NadAli Zarei ⁴

¹ PhD Student, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran.

² Associated Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Amir Kabir Industrial University, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/joeds.2025.497740.1075

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach for designing discrete-phase, fixed-amplitude sequences optimized for Widely Separated Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (WS-MIMO) radar systems. The proposed sequences aim to mitigate narrowband interference (jamming) or telecommunications interference while simultaneously shaping the beam to reject threats. By minimizing the maximum integrated side lobe level (ISL), removing undesired frequency bands, and suppressing the spatial beam in specific directions for each set of co-located MIMO (CL-MIMO) radar, we achieve sets of sequences that effectively address the challenges posed by WS-MIMO radar environments.

A multi-dimensional constrained optimization problem is formulated to balance the competing objectives of ISLR reduction, interference suppression, and beam shaping. Pareto weight functions are employed to ensure a trade-off among these criteria. A computationally efficient algorithm, leveraging the Coordinate Descent (CD) framework and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), is developed to solve this optimization problem. The proposed method enables the design of WS-MIMO radar waveforms that effectively suppress interference, enhance target detection, and improve spatial resolution.

Keywords

waveform design

spectral shaping

spatial shaping

Integrated sidelobe level (ISL)

WidelySseparated MIMO radar (WS-MIMO)

Co-Located MIMO Radar (CL-MIMO)